Fear and ambition propel Chinese President Xi Jinping's nuclear acceleration

China is focused on enhancing its nuclear capabilities to counter potential threats and solidify its position as a great power. Since taking office in 2012, President Xi Jinping has emphasized the need for a more robust nuclear force to protect China’s interests. China has rapidly expanded its nuclear arsenal, doubling its size to approximately 500 warheads. By 2035, it is projected to have around 1,500 warheads. China is also investing in advanced missile technology and upgrading its nuclear test site. The country’s growing nuclear options could complicate global arms control efforts and impact its competition with the United States. It could also shape the future of Taiwan, as China may use its nuclear capabilities as a deterrent against external intervention.